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Caption : a preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (prisma) flowchart describing information flow during the systematic review process.

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Caption : performance and interpretation of the machine learning models. (a) observed versus predicted toxicity using rf model, with blue markers as the train set and red markers as the test set. the dashed line is the reference line when the true value is equal to the predicted value. (b) shap importances of the variables that inform the rf model. the positive or negative shap values (x-axis) indicate feature values and their relative impact (increase or decrease) on the prediction of toxicity. (c) heatmap of shap values. the rows of the heatmap represent the samples, the columns represent the features, and the shap values are encoded on a color scale, and samples with similar shap values are adjacent to each other in the heat map.

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Caption : multiple linear regression model prediction results. multiple linear regression performance metrics: test set r2: 0.0456 mse: 0.2976 mae: 0.3790

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Caption : multiple linear regression shap values.